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1992) (Testimony was speech that clearly affected matter of public concern where statements involved public funds spent in violation of city ordinance, were in the form of testimony before city's legislative body and statements to an investigator with state attorney's office, and were made in the context of an examination into activities of city personnel.). Morris's testimony cannot be characterized as an attempt to make public comment on sheriff's office policies and procedures, the internal workings of the department, the quality of its employees or upon any issue at all. In his deposition, Morris reiterated the conclusions regarding his observations of the accident.

Nor is there any evidence that Morris gave deposition testimony for any reason other than in compliance with a subpoena to testify truthfully in the civil suit regarding the November 1989 accident.

The Court in Connick reasoned that this 'would mean that virtually every remark - and certainly every criticism directed at a public official - would plant the seed of a constitutional case.' Connick, 461 U.S. The fact that such information may be of general interest to the public, however, does not alone make it of 'public concern' for First Amendment purposes.

Morris alleges that his accident report is protected because he 'reported on a co-employee's policy violations and negligence that jeopardized public safety and subjected his employer to substantial liability.' Police reports reflect information of general public interest and any information concerning police conduct and public safety could be considered to reach matters of public interest.

The Supreme Court has not specifically addressed the question presented here, that is, whether speech that occurs in the course of and as part of an employee's ordinary duties is protected.

Absent extraordinary circumstances, such protection is unavailable, however, 'when a public employee speaks not as a citizen upon matters of public concern, but instead as an employee upon matters of personal interest.' Connick, 461 U.S.

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This protection springs from recognition of the public employee's right to engage in free speech and self-expression while participating in public and social affairs.

Whether plaintiff's speech related to matters of public concern is a legal question we review de novo. Whether a public employee's speech is protected depends upon whether the expression can be 'fairly characterized as constituting speech on a matter of public concern.' Connick, 461 U.S.Settings are updated after refreshing the page. Site List: A list of (work-irrelevant/entertainment) sites on which the crow should appear to remind you to get back to work.Select a crow size in the drop-down menu. Stay Duration (seconds): How long the crow should stay each time.Appear Frequency (seconds): How frequent the crow should appear to judge you.They are willing to listen to your requests despite your atrociously hopeless outlook on life. This plugin can be installed from its page at Chrome Web Store. The one and only Crow of Judgment, now in your Chrome to judge your life choices.ĬroHaving fun watching cat videos on YouTube? Well, let's see how you have fun with this crow staring into your soul: